Low- Carbohydrate Diets Stephen Barrett, M. D. Many promoters of dietary schemes would have us believe that. You probably already know too much fat is bad for you - but did you know too little of the good kind can leave you nutrient deficient, with high cholesterol and. Vegetarian Foods: Powerful for Health. World-renowned figures as diverse as philosophers Plato and Nietzsche, political leaders Benjamin Franklin and Gandhi. FREE Sign Up; Request Vet Approval; Videos. Homemade Food Overview; Cooking Demonstrations; Nutritional Management of Common Diseases; Help. That's simply not true. To lose weight. you must eat less, or exercise more, or do both. There are about 3,5. To. lose one pound a week, you must consume about 5. Most fad diets, if followed closely. Moreover, dieters who fail to adopt better. The most drastic way to reduce caloric intake is to stop eating. After a few days, body fats and proteins are metabolized. The fats are broken down into fatty acids that. In the absence of adequate carbohydrate. Prolonged fasting is unsafe, because. Low- carbohydrate diets also produce ketosis, but if properly designed, they enable the body's nutritional needs to be met by dietary protein, dietary fat, stored body fat, and stored glycogen, so that body muscles are spared . However, most. of the early loss is water rather than fat; the lost water is regained. Appetite, often reduced during. Lose weight the healthy way. News evaluated some of the most popular diets for safe and effective weight loss for short- and long-term goals. Katherine Brooking is a registered dietitian with a Master’s degree in nutrition education. She co-founded Smart Cookie Productions, Inc., which publishes. In the past, it was thought that patients restricted their caloric intake because the food restrictions made the low- carbohydrate diet monotonous. However, current theorists suggest that appetite reduction has a hormonal basis . Characteristics of Traditional Diets. The diets of healthy primitive and nonindustrialized peoples contain no refined or. Intermittent Fasting Beats Traditional Diets and Even Chronic Calorie Restriction for Weight Loss and Other Health Benefits. Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder with a wide range of symptoms, some of which may be related to diet. Belly fat is the most harmful fat in your body, linked to many diseases. Here are 6 simple ways to lose belly fat that are supported by science. Author of The Case Against Sugar, Why We Get Fat and Good Calories, Bad Calories. The most widely publicized low- carbohydrate diet has been the one advocated. Robert C. Atkins, M. D., of New York City. Atkins' Diet Revolution sold millions of copies. Atkins' New. Diet Revolution, has sold even more. The current plan has. The dieter is. permitted to eat unlimited amounts of noncarbohydrate foods . The plan. calls for checking one's urine for ketone bodies to ensure that. Atkins also recommended. Some physicians prolong the . Research Findings The AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition . In 2. 00. 0, experts at the University. Kentucky did a computer analysis of a week's worth of sample. U. S. Noting that the diet could produce short- term weight loss, they thought that long- term. However, clinical trials have not upheld this prediction. Another study was done by researchers at the Bassett Research. Institute in Cooperstown, New York, who followed 1. Atkins dieters. for a month. During the 2- week induction period, the dieters consumed. In the. next phase, dieters averaged 1,5. Dieters in both phases cut back. Some patients felt tired. Most indicated that they. Because the Atkins diet had been used for more than 3. However, they found that only 2. The. mean duration of successful weight maintenance in this low- carbohydrate. Because so few Atkins dieters were found in the. Registry, the researchers concluded that the Atkins diet may not. The report covered. Atkins, Zone, Protein Power, Sugar Busters, and Stillman diets. Atkins set up a foundation. In 2. 00. 2. a 6- month study funded found that followers of the Atkins. However, the dropout rate was much higher in the low- carbohydrate. In response to publicity about the study, the American Heart. Association cautioned: A high intake of saturated fats over time raises great concern. The study did not follow. The researchers concluded: There is insufficient evidence to make recommendations for. Among. the published studies, participant weight loss while using low- carbohydrate. The low- carbohydrate (Atkins) group lost about 4% more weight. The low- carbohydrate diet appeared. In June 2. 00. 4, Philippe O. Szapary, M. D., an assistant professor who was. University of Pennsylvania team, told me: It is clear that no type of diet is good for everyone. The best type for individuals may be determined by heredity factors. With good luck, in the not- too- distant future, genetic research will clarify which diets are best for which people. Because carbohydrates can raise triglyceride levels, a low- carbohydrate might be good for obese individuals with abnormally high triglyceride levels. Carbohydrates, expecially simple carbohydrates, are also associated with low HDL levels. Some studies have found that a low- carbohydrate diet can raise the HDL level. Low- carbohydrate diets are unsuitable for people with coronary artery disease, gout, or kidney disease. Before a low- carbohydrate diet is started, measurements should be made of the blood levels of creatinine (which reflects kidney function), uric acid (related to gout), and glucose (may detect diabetes, which can elevate triglyceride levels). Low- carbohydrate dieters should also have their blood lipid levels monitored. If the. three- month total or LDL- cholesterol level skyrockets, the diet should probably be discontinued . In the first study, the average loss ranged from 4. Atkins dieters to 7. Ornish dieters. In the second study, the average ranged from 1. Atkins group to 4. Ornish group . A meta- analysis that included the first of these studies plus four others concluded: Low- carbohydrate, non–energy- restricted. However. potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high- density. The importance of careful monitoring is illustrated by the case of Jody Gorran, a 5. Florida business executive who sued Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. The suit, filed in 2. Gorran's total. and LDL- cholesterol levels shot up from very low to abnormally. Atkins diet. but he continued using it because passages in Atkins's book and. Web site reassured him that it was safe to do so. About two years. later, he developed angina and required angioplasty to unblock. His suit sought damages. Atkins's books, Web sites, and product. LDL- cholesterol . The court ruled that the diet consists of . In July 2. 00. 8, the New England Journal of Medicine published the results of the first two- year study involving a low- carbohydrate diet. The study compared a low- carbohydrate diet, a 3. American Heart Association, and a 3. Among the 2. 72 participants who completed the study, the average weight loss was about 6. Mediterranean- diet group, and 1. Many news reports have represented this study as showing that Atkins was right and that the low- carbohydate diet scored better than the others. However, such conclusions are simplistic. The actual average dietary fat content of the three groups turned out to be 3. The amount of weight lost was small, differences among the groups were not large, and the study was done with close monitoring and may not reflect what happens when people diet on their own. The study merely adds to the evidence that a 4. I would consider to be moderate rather than low in fat. Although the low- carbohydrate diet was said to be based on the Atkins diet, using Atkins's books to construct one's diet would probably result in a diet that is 4. The Bottom Line. Atkins advocated his diet for more than 3. However, he never published any study. Recent studies of up to two years have found that low- carbohydrate. However, it has not yet been determined whether such diets are safe for long- term use or can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. The popularity of low- carbohydrate diets has encouraged food. My advice to people who are considering a low- carbohydrate diet is not to try it on their own by reading a book, but to seek supervision from a physician who can monitor what they do. For Additional Information References. Westman E and others. Low- carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 8. Effect of a low- carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Annals of Internal Medicine 1. Atkins Center Web site. April 2. 00. 1 through February 2. A critique of low- carbohydrate ketogenic. A review of Dr. Atkins' diet revolution. Health. advantages and disadvantages of weight- reducing diets: a computer. Journal of the American College. Nutrition 1. 9: 5. Effects of a low carbohydrate, high. Obesity Research 8(supplement. S, 2. 00. 0. Hellmich N. Success. of Atkins diet is in the calories. USA Today, Nov 8, 2. Long term weight loss and very low carbohydrate. National Weight Control Registry. Obesity Research. S., 2. 00. 0. Dietary. Circulation 1. 04: 1. Atkins, M. D., world- famous nutrition expert and best- selling. Atkins Center news release, April 1. Hold. the lard: The Atkins diet still doesn't work. American Heart. Association press release, Nov 1. Efficacy. and safety of low- carbohydrate diets: A systematic review. A. multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of a low- carbohydrate. New England Journal of Medicine 3. Telephone interview by Dr. Stephen Barrett, June 2. Dansinger ML and others. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish. LEARN diets for change in weight. JAMA 2. 97: 9. 69- 9. Effects of low- carbohydrate vs low- fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors. A meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine 1. Atkins Nutritionals Inc. Palm Beach (Florida) County Court. May 2. 6, 2. 00. 4. Atkins Nutritionals Inc. District Court for the Southern District of New York. Weight loss with a low- carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low- fat diet. New England Journal of Medicine 3.
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